27 research outputs found

    Pour une culture des accidents au service de la sécurité industrielle

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    National audienceThis paper proposes to develop an innovative concept: the culture of accidents. We insist on its interest to facilitate the paradigm change that we believe necessary (towards an organisational and socio-technical paradigm) and in particular to improve the learning from experience. The objective is to enable the operating of the learning from experience for the field actors (operators and managers) and the safety analysts relying on a living memory and "experience pillars". Our analysis was mostly based on accident analysis and organisational approach of safety. We clearly make the use of the medical analogy in order to underline the added value of the concept with regards to the clinical investigation of accidents, the recording of a library of cases in order to facilitate (reactive and proactive) the diagnosis in those complex industrial systems. We make the assumption that this is in the extreme cases that are accidents, that we can, the best, seize and analyse the safety deterioration phenomenon (medical analogy). We specify the content of a culture of accidents (structure, references, inter-organisational character), locate it in the state of art with regards to accidentology, safety and risk cultures. Finally we propose actions to implement with required adaptations to enable actors to grasp it.Cette communication propose de dĂ©velopper un concept innovant : la culture des accidents. Nous argumentons sur son intĂ©rĂȘt pour faciliter le changement de paradigme que nous croyons nĂ©cessaire (vers un paradigme sociotechnique et organisationnel) et plus spĂ©cifiquement pour obtenir une meilleure efficacitĂ© du processus de retour d'expĂ©rience. L'objectif concret est de faciliter l'opĂ©rationnalisation du retour d'expĂ©rience pour les acteurs de terrain (opĂ©rateurs/managers) et les analystes de sĂ©curitĂ© en s'appuyant sur une mĂ©moire vivante et des piliers d'expĂ©rience. Notre analyse s'est appuyĂ©e essentiellement sur des analyses d'accidents et l'approche organisationnelle de la sĂ©curitĂ©. Nous faisons clairement usage de l'analogie mĂ©dicale afin de souligner l'intĂ©rĂȘt du concept proposĂ© au regard de l'Ă©tude clinique des accidents, de la constitution d'une bibliothĂšque de cas visant Ă  faciliter et permettre le diagnostic (rĂ©actif et proactif) dans ces systĂšmes industriels complexes. Nous faisons ainsi l'hypothĂšse que c'est dans les cas extrĂȘmes que constituent les accidents, que l'on peut le mieux saisir et analyser les processus de dĂ©gradation de la sĂ©curitĂ© (analogie mĂ©dicale). Nous prĂ©cisons alors le contenu d'une culture des accidents (structure, Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©fĂ©rence, caractĂšre inter-organisationnel), la situons dans l'Ă©tat de l'art au regard de l'accidentologie et en discutons son intĂ©gration aux cultures de sĂ©curitĂ© et du risque. Enfin, nous formulons des propositions d'actions pour sa mise en oeuvre avec les adaptations nĂ©cessaires Ă  prĂ©voir pour permettre aux acteurs visĂ©s de s'en saisi

    Accident Investigation and Learning to Improve Safety Management in Complex System: Remaining Challenges: Proceedings of the 55th ESReDA Seminar

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    Accident investigation and learning from events are fundamental processes in safety management, involving technical, human, organisational and societal dimensions. The European Safety, Reliability and Data Association, ESReDA, has a long tradition in gathering together experts in the field to work together, and to share and explore experiences of using various paradigms, approaches, methods databased and implementation of safety systems across different industries. The 55th ESReDA seminar on “Accident Investigation and Learning to Improve Safety Management in Complex System: Remaining Challenges” attracted more than 80 participants from industry, authorities, operators, research centres and academia. The seminar programme consisted of 22 technical papers, three keynote speeches and a workshop to debate about the remaining challenges of accident investigation and potential innovative breakthroughs.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

    Autoroute A16 (Pas-de-Calais)

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    Date de l'opĂ©ration : 1991 (PR) Inventeur(s) : Dien E. ; Mahin E. ; Martial Emmanuelle ; Cabuy Yves ; Ducrocq Thierry L’autoroute A 16, reliant Paris Ă  Boulogne-sur-Mer, via Amiens, incise le dĂ©partement du Pas-de-Calais sur environ 46 km de long, selon un axe nord-sud entre Boulogne et l’Authie. À l’instar des grands travaux, les interventions archĂ©ologiques furent planifiĂ©es par une convention avec l’amĂ©nageur (SANEF). Pour la section Amiens-Boulogne, les modalitĂ©s d’exĂ©cution des prospecti..

    Enhancing Safety: the Challenge of Foresight - ESReDA Project Group Foresight in Safety

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    This Deliverable is the result of a joint effort by experts, working in the fields of risks management, accident analysis, learning from experience and safety management. They come from 10 countries mainly from Europe and also from USA and Australia. Their expertise covers several industrial sectors. They attempted to provide useful information, both from a theoretical and a practical point of views, about "Foresight in Safety". Safety is still an ongoing issue for which a number of subjects remain under debate (e.g. is goal of safety to ensure that 'as few things as possible go wrong' or to ensure that ‘as many things as possible go right’?). Anyway, we can assume that safety is to act in a way for both the process continues to be run right and that errors and failures to not lead to a major accident. Even if "foresight in safety" is the implicit underlying goal of every practitioner in safety, the outlines of its domain remain blurred and the relevant topics associated with it have never been clearly defined. A humble ambition of this Deliverable is to display some aspects of "foresight in safety" according to the current state of practices and scientific knowledge.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

    Accident investigation : from searching direct causes to finding in-depth causes. Problem of analysis or/and of analyst ?

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    International audienceCurrent operating feedback Systems in industry show some limits as, in numerous industrial companies, the numbers of events do not decrease anymore and as similar events seem to recur. Our assumption is that weaknesses corne from analysis methodology used. After a description of analysis methodology history, we focus on interest of applying an organisational analysis of events, familiar to scholars but not yet in industry, and we describe its main characteristics. Then we highlight roles of analysts who are not neutral in using event analysis method, assuming that these roles could be a block to progress of event analyses

    RĂ©sultats et enseignements du groupe de travail de l'ESReDA sur les enquĂȘtes aprĂšs accidents

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    Les échecs du retour d'expérience dans l'industrie : problÚmes de verticalité et/ou de transversalité ?

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    National audienceLe retour d'expĂ©rience est reconnu pour ĂȘtre aujourd'hui l'un des piliers des approches modernes de gestion des risques. Pourtant, l'analyse des accidents majeurs met en lumiĂšre de nombreux types d'Ă©checs du processus de retour d'expĂ©rience (REX). L'objet de notre rĂ©flexion a Ă©tĂ© d'analyser, d'identifier et de classer les grandes problĂ©matiques que peuvent rencontrer les acteurs de la gestion du REX dans les industries Ă  haut-risques. L'objectif ultime Ă©tant de proposer une grille de lecture et par la mĂȘme des leviers d'actions sur les difficultĂ©s susceptibles d'ĂȘtre rencontrĂ©es dans la mise en oeuvre du processus REX. Nous avons fait l'hypothĂšse que les systĂšmes de REX faisaient face Ă  deux grands types de problĂ©matiques qui peuvent expliquer ces Ă©checs du REX et de la sĂ©curitĂ© : l'une relative Ă  la dimension verticale du systĂšme socio-technique et l'autre relative Ă  la dimension transversale du rĂ©seau organisationnel. De notre analyse et en s'appuyant sur les rĂ©sultats de la veille accidentelle d'EDF R&D, des analyses d'accidents et du retour d'expĂ©rience de l'INERIS, il ressort que les grandes problĂ©matiques d'organisation et de gestion du REX sont au nombre de quatre Ă  savoir les deux dimensions citĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©demment, complĂ©tĂ©es par la dimension historique du systĂšme de REX et enfin une dimension transverse aux trois prĂ©cĂ©dentes, celle de la communication des donnĂ©es issues du REX par des acteurs
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